如何为液体密封应用选择O形圈材料
October 8th at 7:43pmO形圈是最常用的流体电源密封件之一。这些密封件具有简单的甜甜圈形环（技术上称为环形），并使用柔韧的材料制造，例如硅氧烷，Buna-N和乙烯 - 丙烯等弹性体。安装O形圈，以通过机械变形密封连接器，管道，管等之间的连接。一旦安装，O形圈确保没有液体或空气扫过指定区域。
Since O-rings are crucial to perform effectively after being installed, selecting the right O-ring material is crucial. The crash of space shuttle Challenger in 1986 is a well-documented case of what failure of O-rings can do. Today O-rings are manufactured using thousands of different materials and every material perform differently under several conditions. The following sections includes the most commonly materials used for the O-rings, their working temperature, the shore A hardness scores, the standard colors as well as the limitations of that materials.这里可以在此处找到完整的O形圈材料兼容性。
Seal material:alfas® 硬度（岸边a）：60-90 标准颜色：黑色的 工作温度：-14°至+ 446°F（标准化合物） 关键用途：用于航空航天的密封件，有油相关的密封件。常用于工业环境。 特征：由于高温和耐化学性，可用于各种密封件。 Limitations：不推荐用于关于甲苯，乙醚，酮和醋酸的密封件 |
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Seal material:Fluorocarbons 硬度（岸边a）：55到90 标准颜色：黑色的 工作温度：-13°to+446°F (Standard Compound) 40°to+446°F (Special Compound) 关键用途：Fluorocarbons are widely used in sealing off aircraft’s engines. They are also used sealing of automotive fuels handling systems. Fluorocarbons can be used to in seals having low compression or high temperature 特征：High fluorine grade O-rings gives better performance in methanol/ethanol blended gasoline. Base resistant grade offers better oil protection. They can also endure high temperature. Special compounds, using new polymer technologies, provide improved low temperature performance with a TR (10) of -40°F and brittleness to -76°F. Limitations:氟碳的O形圈不应暴露于胺，低分子量酯和醚，胺，硝基烃，Skydrol®流体或热氢氟酸。在低温下不建议在动态密封上提出碳氟碳碳 |
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Seal material:Buna-N 硬度（岸边a）：40-90 标准颜色：黑色的 工作温度：-40°+ 257°F(标准化合物) 关键用途：Is resistance to all types of oil. Can be used for aerospace purposes and off-road equipment .Buna-n can be compounded for FDA applications. 特征：可以复合工作低至-85°F。可以配制成更耐磨。 Limitations:Prone to ozone reaction. Buna-N O-rings usually have phthalate type plasticizers. They may seep out and cause issues for certain plastics. |
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Seal material:Butyl 硬度（岸边a）：30到90 标准颜色：黑色的 工作温度：50° to +250°F. (Standard compound) 关键用途：highly effective in hydraulic systems and vacuum sealing。 特征：Have one of the lowest permeability to gases. Inert to ozone reactions and sunlight aging. Butyl also hold excellent shock absorbing abilities. Limitations:作为石油产品，丁基对烃溶剂和油是反应性的。 |
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Seal material:Perfluoroelastomer 硬度（岸边a）：65到90 标准颜色：黑色的 工作温度：-13°F至+ 600°F标准化合物 关键用途：Used in seals in chemical and petroleum industries. Perfluoroelastomer can be used for locations having high temperatures. Perfluoroelastomer can also be used for paint and coating operations. 特征：FFKM将弹性体材料的韧性与Teflon®的化学惰性结合在一起。它通过几乎所有化学试剂抵抗攻击，并提供长期服务，其中腐蚀性添加剂可能导致其他弹性体膨胀或降解。此外，FFKM部件不太可能比Teflon密封件的冷流。 Limitations:Withstanding degradation by virtually ALL chemicals, Perfluoroelastomer can swell significantly when exposed to some fluorinated solvents. Perfluoroelastomer parts should not be exposed to molten or gaseous alkali metals. Perfluoroelastomer are not cost effective and used only when no other elastomer is suitable to be used. |
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Seal material:氟硅氧烷 硬度（岸边a）：40到80 标准颜色：蓝色 工作温度：75°F to +400°F Standard Compound 关键用途：氟硅氧烷is primarily used for static sealing. Fluorosilicone is used in seals of air fuel emission control system and aerospace fuel system. 特征：氟硅氧烷最常用于航空航天应用，用于燃料阻力高达400°F的系统。氟硅氧烷还具有良好的压缩集和弹性特性。氟硅氧烷化合物可暴露于空气，阳光，臭氧，氯化和芳烃，仍然有效地发挥作用。 Limitations:Not recommended for dynamic sealing due to limited physical strength, poor abrasion resistance, and high friction characteristics. Exposure to hydrazine, ketones and brake fluids is not recommended. |
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Seal material:Silicone 硬度（岸边a）：20-80 标准颜色：红色的 工作温度：-85°至400°F 关键用途：广泛用于高温密封件。 特征：苯基的硅氧烷可以使极端为-148°F Limitations:Low abrasion and tear resistance. Not effective at dynamic seals. Highly permeable to gases. Avoid use at seals with concentrated acid. |
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Seal material:天然橡胶 硬度（岸边a）：40-90 标准颜色：黑色的, Brown/Beige 工作温度：-58°F to +158°F Standard Compound: 关键用途：日常应用中最广泛使用的材料之一。用于食品和饮料的密封件。天然橡胶密封件广泛用于非液压密封应用。天然橡胶密封也具有吸收振动的能力，因此也用于阻尼器。 特征：Has high tensile strength, high resilience, high abrasion and high tear resistance. Natural rubber has good adhering to metals. Natural rubber also provides excellent resistance to organic compounds such as alcohols and acids. Before the invent of synthetic elastomers in 1930’s, O-rings were only manufactured using natural rubber. Limitations:不良压缩集性能。缺乏对许多液体流动的抵抗力。不建议用于工业用途。 |
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Seal material:聚丙烯酸酯 硬度（岸边a）：40到90 标准颜色：黑色的 工作温度：-25°F to +300°F, Standard Compound 关键用途：广泛用于自动变速箱和汽车动力转向系统的密封。聚丙烯酸酯还用于密封高达300°F的石油油。 特征：对阳光和臭氧降解的高度耐抗性，聚丙烯酸酯还具有增强的抵抗弯曲裂缝的能力。 Limitations:聚丙烯酸酯do not perform well under at low temperatures and has bad water resistance. Polyacrylate also has inferior performance on compression set. |
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Seal material:Teflon® (Polytetrafluoroethylene) 硬度（岸边a）：98. 标准颜色：White 工作温度：-300 °F to +450°F (Standard compound) 关键用途：广泛用于静态和缓慢间歇动态密封。 特征：Virtually inert to almost all the industry chemicals. Teflon also performs well with different chemicals at high temperatures as well. Teflon has high endurance ratings. Teflon have high resistance to ozone and degradation effects due to exposure to acetones, xylene and MEK. Teflon are tough and have low friction. Limitations:其中一个最大的局限性是较低的弹性记忆差，室温和室温差。这在安装Teflon密封件时会出现问题。需要加热预安装，以确保紧密贴合。这导致Teflon密封件的整体安装与剩下的密封件相比有点昂贵。因此，铁氟龙也具有较差的抗撕裂性，不能安装在动态密封上。 |
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Seal material:聚氨酯，铸造 硬度（岸边a）：70-90 标准颜色：琥珀色 工作温度：-30°F至+ 175°F（标准化合物） 关键用途：适用于高液压密封件。它们在经受高应力的密封件中非常有效。通过在车轮，保险杠耦合器和卷中使用它们来利用它们的减震性质。适合动态密封件 特征：具有高达6000 psi的高抗拉强度。伸长率高达300至650％的原始尺寸。这允许它们有效地使用动态密封。聚氨酯还具有特别高的耐磨性。与弱酸和碱和液体流体相容。聚氨酯密封件可与含有小于80％芳族成分的混合物一起使用。 Limitations:One of the drawbacks of cast polyurethanes is their ineffectiveness when exposed to esters, ketones and concentrated bases and acids. Cast Polyurethane are also not recommended to be used on their own with steam or hot water. |
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Seal material:聚氨酯，毫微 硬度（岸边a）：40-90 标准颜色：黑色的 工作温度：-30°F to +175°F (Standard condition) 关键用途：对于静态密封件非常有效。可批量聚氨酯也可承受高温。可赚钱的聚氨酯密封件广泛用于医疗器械中，与FDA规定兼容。 特征：可轧的聚氨酯performance with seals installed at hydraulic situations. Millable Polyurethane have a superior performance at locations having high pressure and shock loads. Millable Polyurethane are also prone to any damage by petroleum-based oils, hydraulic fluids or hydrocarbons. Millable Polyurethane also have a good tear resistance and do age rapidly under sunlight. Limitations:Millable Polyurethane loses its strength and at time shapes at high temperatures. Not recommended at locations subjected to high temperature. Millable Polyurethane also have a tendency to be spoilt if exposed to concentrated acids, ketones and acids. Likely to deteriorate when exposed to steam or hot water. |
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